Origin and contrasting succession pathways of the Western Carpathian calcareous fens revealed by plant and mollusc macrofossils
Identifieur interne : 003898 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003897; suivant : 003899Origin and contrasting succession pathways of the Western Carpathian calcareous fens revealed by plant and mollusc macrofossils
Auteurs : Petra Hájková [République tchèque] ; Michal Horsák [République tchèque] ; Michal Hájek [République tchèque] ; Adam Lacina [République tchèque] ; Hana Buchtová [République tchèque] ; Barbora Pelánková [République tchèque]Source :
- Boreas [ 0300-9483 ] ; 2012-10.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Déboisement, écologie, Mollusque, Tourbe, Logiciel.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Abies, Absolute numbers, Alpicola, Baccata, Basal, Basal layers, Basal samples, Boreas, Boreas succession pathways, Bryophyte, Caco3, Calcareous, Calcareous fens, Calcium carbonate, Canadian journal, Carbonate, Carex, Carpathian, Carpathian calcareous fens, Carpathians, Cembra, Central europe, Columella, Columella columella, Coniferous, Coniferous trees, Czech, Czech republic, Deforestation, Discus, Early holocene, Ecology, Exact test, Fen, Folia geobotanica, Forest habitats, Forested, Forested fens, Fruticicola fruticum, Genesii, Geoscience research reports, Glacial, Glacial landscapes, Grootjans, Holocene, Hozelec, Human activities, Human impact, Jankovsk, Land snails, Late holocene, Lateglacial, Lehota, Macrofossil, Macrofossils, Middle holocene, Mire, Mollusc, Mollusc analyses, Mollusc assemblages, Mollusc communities, Mollusc samples, Mollusc shells, Mollusc species, Open calcareous fens, Open fens, Ordination, Other studies, Palaeoecological, Pathway, Peat, Peatlands, Petra, Pinus, Pinus cembra, Plant macrofossil, Plant macrofossils, Plant tissues, Pupilla, Pupilla alpicola, Quaternary, Scorpidium cossonii, Second axis, Shallow pools, Site openness, Snail, Snail species, Software, Species composition, Species names, Species nomenclature, Sphagnum, Sphagnum teres, Spring fens, Study area, Succession pathways, Successional, Sylvatica, Taxus, Taxus baccata, Temporal pattern, Tree species, Upper part, Vallonia, Vascular plants, Vegetation, Vegetation development, Vegetation history, Vegetation science, Vertigo, Vertigo genesii, Vitt, Volume percentages, Walachian colonization, Western carpathian calcareous fens, Western carpathians, Western part, Wetland, Whole holocene, Young calcareous fens, Young fens, Young samples.
- Teeft :
- Abies, Absolute numbers, Alpicola, Baccata, Basal, Basal layers, Basal samples, Boreas, Boreas succession pathways, Bryophyte, Caco3, Calcareous, Calcareous fens, Calcium carbonate, Canadian journal, Carbonate, Carex, Carpathian, Carpathian calcareous fens, Carpathians, Cembra, Central europe, Columella, Columella columella, Coniferous, Coniferous trees, Czech, Czech republic, Deforestation, Discus, Early holocene, Ecology, Exact test, Fen, Folia geobotanica, Forest habitats, Forested, Forested fens, Fruticicola fruticum, Genesii, Geoscience research reports, Glacial, Glacial landscapes, Grootjans, Holocene, Hozelec, Human activities, Human impact, Jankovsk, Land snails, Late holocene, Lateglacial, Lehota, Macrofossil, Macrofossils, Middle holocene, Mire, Mollusc, Mollusc analyses, Mollusc assemblages, Mollusc communities, Mollusc samples, Mollusc shells, Mollusc species, Open calcareous fens, Open fens, Ordination, Other studies, Palaeoecological, Pathway, Peat, Peatlands, Petra, Pinus, Pinus cembra, Plant macrofossil, Plant macrofossils, Plant tissues, Pupilla, Pupilla alpicola, Quaternary, Scorpidium cossonii, Second axis, Shallow pools, Site openness, Snail, Snail species, Software, Species composition, Species names, Species nomenclature, Sphagnum, Sphagnum teres, Spring fens, Study area, Succession pathways, Successional, Sylvatica, Taxus, Taxus baccata, Temporal pattern, Tree species, Upper part, Vallonia, Vascular plants, Vegetation, Vegetation development, Vegetation history, Vegetation science, Vertigo, Vertigo genesii, Vitt, Volume percentages, Walachian colonization, Western carpathian calcareous fens, Western carpathians, Western part, Wetland, Whole holocene, Young calcareous fens, Young fens, Young samples.
Abstract
Calcareous fens are unique environments whose history is almost unexplored. The radiocarbon dates of the basal layers of 49 undisturbed calcareous fens showed that in the Western Carpathians (central Europe) many of the extant fen sites originated fairly recently, with two peaks in the High Middle and Roman Ages, the former corresponding to human‐induced changes of the landscape. Conspicuous number of fens also appeared in the Lateglacial and later in the Bronze Age owing to suitable environmental conditions. The Lateglacial calcareous fens were of semi‐open character with coniferous trees, a heliophilous understorey, and mollusc communities composed of several snail species typical of glacial landscapes. We found wood of Taxus baccata in six localities between 7390 and 600 cal. a BP, suggesting that calcareous fens could have represented a refugial habitat for this red‐listed species during the middle Holocene. Using plant macrofossil and mollusc analyses of three representative profiles we illustrate the most common developmental types: (i) fens originating in the Lateglacial, having an open or semi‐open character during the whole Holocene; (ii) open fens originating as wooded wetlands; and (iii) open fens starting their development de novo in the late Holocene. Human activities were responsible for the formation of a high number of calcareous fens, especially in the Outer Western Carpathians, and became important drivers of fen biodiversity development. Only a few recently existing calcareous fens contain old sequences of calcareous deposits. They represent unique natural archives and harbour highly endangered relic populations of fen specialists, making their strict protection urgent.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00263.x
Affiliations:
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first="Barbora" last="Pelánková">Barbora Pelánková</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">République tchèque</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, CZ‐611 37, Brno</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Brno</settlement><region>Moravie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">République tchèque</country></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Boreas</title><title level="j" type="alt">BOREAS</title><idno type="ISSN">0300-9483</idno><idno type="eISSN">1502-3885</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">41</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="690">690</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="706">706</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">17</biblScope><date type="published" when="2012-10">2012-10</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0300-9483</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0300-9483</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Abies</term><term>Absolute numbers</term><term>Alpicola</term><term>Baccata</term><term>Basal</term><term>Basal layers</term><term>Basal samples</term><term>Boreas</term><term>Boreas succession pathways</term><term>Bryophyte</term><term>Caco3</term><term>Calcareous</term><term>Calcareous fens</term><term>Calcium carbonate</term><term>Canadian journal</term><term>Carbonate</term><term>Carex</term><term>Carpathian</term><term>Carpathian calcareous fens</term><term>Carpathians</term><term>Cembra</term><term>Central europe</term><term>Columella</term><term>Columella columella</term><term>Coniferous</term><term>Coniferous trees</term><term>Czech</term><term>Czech republic</term><term>Deforestation</term><term>Discus</term><term>Early holocene</term><term>Ecology</term><term>Exact test</term><term>Fen</term><term>Folia geobotanica</term><term>Forest habitats</term><term>Forested</term><term>Forested fens</term><term>Fruticicola fruticum</term><term>Genesii</term><term>Geoscience research reports</term><term>Glacial</term><term>Glacial landscapes</term><term>Grootjans</term><term>Holocene</term><term>Hozelec</term><term>Human activities</term><term>Human impact</term><term>Jankovsk</term><term>Land snails</term><term>Late holocene</term><term>Lateglacial</term><term>Lehota</term><term>Macrofossil</term><term>Macrofossils</term><term>Middle holocene</term><term>Mire</term><term>Mollusc</term><term>Mollusc analyses</term><term>Mollusc assemblages</term><term>Mollusc communities</term><term>Mollusc samples</term><term>Mollusc shells</term><term>Mollusc species</term><term>Open calcareous fens</term><term>Open fens</term><term>Ordination</term><term>Other studies</term><term>Palaeoecological</term><term>Pathway</term><term>Peat</term><term>Peatlands</term><term>Petra</term><term>Pinus</term><term>Pinus cembra</term><term>Plant macrofossil</term><term>Plant macrofossils</term><term>Plant tissues</term><term>Pupilla</term><term>Pupilla alpicola</term><term>Quaternary</term><term>Scorpidium cossonii</term><term>Second axis</term><term>Shallow pools</term><term>Site openness</term><term>Snail</term><term>Snail species</term><term>Software</term><term>Species composition</term><term>Species names</term><term>Species nomenclature</term><term>Sphagnum</term><term>Sphagnum teres</term><term>Spring fens</term><term>Study area</term><term>Succession pathways</term><term>Successional</term><term>Sylvatica</term><term>Taxus</term><term>Taxus baccata</term><term>Temporal pattern</term><term>Tree species</term><term>Upper part</term><term>Vallonia</term><term>Vascular plants</term><term>Vegetation</term><term>Vegetation development</term><term>Vegetation history</term><term>Vegetation science</term><term>Vertigo</term><term>Vertigo genesii</term><term>Vitt</term><term>Volume percentages</term><term>Walachian colonization</term><term>Western carpathian calcareous fens</term><term>Western carpathians</term><term>Western part</term><term>Wetland</term><term>Whole holocene</term><term>Young calcareous fens</term><term>Young fens</term><term>Young samples</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Abies</term><term>Absolute numbers</term><term>Alpicola</term><term>Baccata</term><term>Basal</term><term>Basal layers</term><term>Basal samples</term><term>Boreas</term><term>Boreas succession pathways</term><term>Bryophyte</term><term>Caco3</term><term>Calcareous</term><term>Calcareous fens</term><term>Calcium carbonate</term><term>Canadian journal</term><term>Carbonate</term><term>Carex</term><term>Carpathian</term><term>Carpathian calcareous fens</term><term>Carpathians</term><term>Cembra</term><term>Central europe</term><term>Columella</term><term>Columella columella</term><term>Coniferous</term><term>Coniferous trees</term><term>Czech</term><term>Czech republic</term><term>Deforestation</term><term>Discus</term><term>Early holocene</term><term>Ecology</term><term>Exact test</term><term>Fen</term><term>Folia geobotanica</term><term>Forest habitats</term><term>Forested</term><term>Forested fens</term><term>Fruticicola fruticum</term><term>Genesii</term><term>Geoscience research reports</term><term>Glacial</term><term>Glacial landscapes</term><term>Grootjans</term><term>Holocene</term><term>Hozelec</term><term>Human activities</term><term>Human impact</term><term>Jankovsk</term><term>Land snails</term><term>Late holocene</term><term>Lateglacial</term><term>Lehota</term><term>Macrofossil</term><term>Macrofossils</term><term>Middle holocene</term><term>Mire</term><term>Mollusc</term><term>Mollusc analyses</term><term>Mollusc assemblages</term><term>Mollusc communities</term><term>Mollusc samples</term><term>Mollusc shells</term><term>Mollusc species</term><term>Open calcareous fens</term><term>Open fens</term><term>Ordination</term><term>Other studies</term><term>Palaeoecological</term><term>Pathway</term><term>Peat</term><term>Peatlands</term><term>Petra</term><term>Pinus</term><term>Pinus cembra</term><term>Plant macrofossil</term><term>Plant macrofossils</term><term>Plant tissues</term><term>Pupilla</term><term>Pupilla alpicola</term><term>Quaternary</term><term>Scorpidium cossonii</term><term>Second axis</term><term>Shallow pools</term><term>Site openness</term><term>Snail</term><term>Snail species</term><term>Software</term><term>Species composition</term><term>Species names</term><term>Species nomenclature</term><term>Sphagnum</term><term>Sphagnum teres</term><term>Spring fens</term><term>Study area</term><term>Succession pathways</term><term>Successional</term><term>Sylvatica</term><term>Taxus</term><term>Taxus baccata</term><term>Temporal pattern</term><term>Tree species</term><term>Upper part</term><term>Vallonia</term><term>Vascular plants</term><term>Vegetation</term><term>Vegetation development</term><term>Vegetation history</term><term>Vegetation science</term><term>Vertigo</term><term>Vertigo genesii</term><term>Vitt</term><term>Volume percentages</term><term>Walachian colonization</term><term>Western carpathian calcareous fens</term><term>Western carpathians</term><term>Western part</term><term>Wetland</term><term>Whole holocene</term><term>Young calcareous fens</term><term>Young fens</term><term>Young samples</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Déboisement</term><term>écologie</term><term>Mollusque</term><term>Tourbe</term><term>Logiciel</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Calcareous fens are unique environments whose history is almost unexplored. The radiocarbon dates of the basal layers of 49 undisturbed calcareous fens showed that in the Western Carpathians (central Europe) many of the extant fen sites originated fairly recently, with two peaks in the High Middle and Roman Ages, the former corresponding to human‐induced changes of the landscape. Conspicuous number of fens also appeared in the Lateglacial and later in the Bronze Age owing to suitable environmental conditions. The Lateglacial calcareous fens were of semi‐open character with coniferous trees, a heliophilous understorey, and mollusc communities composed of several snail species typical of glacial landscapes. We found wood of Taxus baccata in six localities between 7390 and 600 cal. a BP, suggesting that calcareous fens could have represented a refugial habitat for this red‐listed species during the middle Holocene. Using plant macrofossil and mollusc analyses of three representative profiles we illustrate the most common developmental types: (i) fens originating in the Lateglacial, having an open or semi‐open character during the whole Holocene; (ii) open fens originating as wooded wetlands; and (iii) open fens starting their development de novo in the late Holocene. Human activities were responsible for the formation of a high number of calcareous fens, especially in the Outer Western Carpathians, and became important drivers of fen biodiversity development. Only a few recently existing calcareous fens contain old sequences of calcareous deposits. They represent unique natural archives and harbour highly endangered relic populations of fen specialists, making their strict protection urgent.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>République tchèque</li></country><region><li>Moravie</li></region><settlement><li>Brno</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="République tchèque"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hajkova, Petra" sort="Hajkova, Petra" uniqKey="Hajkova P" first="Petra" last="Hájková">Petra Hájková</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Buchtova, Hana" sort="Buchtova, Hana" uniqKey="Buchtova H" first="Hana" last="Buchtová">Hana Buchtová</name><name sortKey="Hajek, Michal" sort="Hajek, Michal" uniqKey="Hajek M" first="Michal" last="Hájek">Michal Hájek</name><name sortKey="Hajek, Michal" sort="Hajek, Michal" uniqKey="Hajek M" first="Michal" last="Hájek">Michal Hájek</name><name sortKey="Hajek, Michal" sort="Hajek, Michal" uniqKey="Hajek M" first="Michal" last="Hájek">Michal Hájek</name><name sortKey="Hajek, Michal" sort="Hajek, Michal" uniqKey="Hajek M" first="Michal" last="Hájek">Michal Hájek</name><name sortKey="Hajkova, Petra" sort="Hajkova, Petra" uniqKey="Hajkova P" first="Petra" last="Hájková">Petra Hájková</name><name sortKey="Hajkova, Petra" sort="Hajkova, Petra" uniqKey="Hajkova P" first="Petra" last="Hájková">Petra Hájková</name><name sortKey="Hajkova, Petra" sort="Hajkova, Petra" uniqKey="Hajkova P" first="Petra" last="Hájková">Petra Hájková</name><name sortKey="Horsak, Michal" sort="Horsak, Michal" uniqKey="Horsak M" first="Michal" last="Horsák">Michal Horsák</name><name sortKey="Horsak, Michal" sort="Horsak, Michal" uniqKey="Horsak M" first="Michal" last="Horsák">Michal Horsák</name><name sortKey="Horsak, Michal" sort="Horsak, Michal" uniqKey="Horsak M" first="Michal" last="Horsák">Michal Horsák</name><name sortKey="Lacina, Adam" sort="Lacina, Adam" uniqKey="Lacina A" first="Adam" last="Lacina">Adam Lacina</name><name sortKey="Lacina, Adam" sort="Lacina, Adam" uniqKey="Lacina A" first="Adam" last="Lacina">Adam Lacina</name><name sortKey="Lacina, Adam" sort="Lacina, Adam" uniqKey="Lacina A" first="Adam" last="Lacina">Adam Lacina</name><name sortKey="Pelankova, Barbora" sort="Pelankova, Barbora" uniqKey="Pelankova B" first="Barbora" last="Pelánková">Barbora Pelánková</name><name sortKey="Pelankova, Barbora" sort="Pelankova, Barbora" uniqKey="Pelankova B" first="Barbora" last="Pelánková">Barbora Pelánková</name><name sortKey="Pelankova, Barbora" sort="Pelankova, Barbora" uniqKey="Pelankova B" first="Barbora" last="Pelánková">Barbora Pelánková</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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